4G communications

The popularity and evolution of mobile devices like laptops, mobile phones and Personal Digital Assistants (PDA), and the evolution of fast mobile networks in the last decade, have made it possible to increase the complexity  of  mobile  applications  and  services provided to end-users. It is also a spectacular growth in  multimedia  communication  especially  via  the World Wide Web. This paper explore some of the current  technology  of  mobile  devices,  mobile networks and multimedia systems, and is based on the exploration  outline  some  issues  for  design  and development of mobile multimedia systems in 4G Mobile Communication System. Fourth-generation mobile  communication  systems  will  combine standardized streaming with a range of unique services to provide high-quality content ( Multimedia ) that meets the specific needs of the rapidly growing mobile market. By offering higher data-transmission rates up to 20 Mbps more than 3G for wide-area coverage and local-area coverage, 4G systems will be able to provide high quality streamed content to the rapidly growing mobile market. For whole paper Click Here another one for reference  4G

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PERL Scripting

Technically, Perl stands for “practical extraction and report language”, and was originally developed as a general purpose programming language for manipulating text, but has grown into something much more. Perl is now used for a wide range of purposes, from automating system administration tasks, to use in web-based shopping carts, network-and web-development, etc.
Perl is an interpreted language, which means that once you’ve written your source code file, you don’t need to compile the code into a standalone executable file, the way you do with other programming languages such as C or C++. Rather, you launch the interpreter, telling it to run your script, further passing any additional arguments that may be necessary. The interpreter checks and translates your code into something the operating system can use and understand, and then executes the commands in the script. This is a high-level view of things, of course, but my goal with this book isn’t to teach you the philosophy of interpreted programming languages, but instead to give you something you can use.
Technical descriptions and the design of the programming language aside, Perl is a powerful tool for just about anyone involved with computers. Perl is extremely versatile, and can be used to perform a wide variety of tasks, some of which we’ll be looking at in this book.

For PERL Document Click here

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All possible commands of command prompt

ADDUSERS Add or list users to/from a CSV file

ARP Address Resolution Protocol

ASSOC Change file extension associations•

ASSOCIAT One step file association

ATTRIB Change file attributes

b

BOOTCFG Edit Windows boot settings

BROWSTAT Get domain, browser and PDC info

c

CACLS Change file permissions

CALL Call one batch program from another•

CD Change Directory - move to a specific Folder•

CHANGE Change Terminal Server Session properties

CHKDSK Check Disk - check and repair disk problems

CHKNTFS Check the NTFS file system

CHOICE Accept keyboard input to a batch file

CIPHER Encrypt or Decrypt files/folders

CleanMgr Automated cleanup of Temp files, recycle bin

CLEARMEM Clear memory leaks

CLIP Copy STDIN to the Windows clipboard.

CLS Clear the screen•

CLUSTER Windows Clustering

CMD Start a new CMD shell

COLOR Change colors of the CMD window•

COMP Compare the contents of two files or sets of files

COMPACT Compress files or folders on an NTFS partition

COMPRESS Compress individual files on an NTFS partition

CON2PRT Connect or disconnect a Printer

CONVERT Convert a FAT drive to NTFS.

COPY Copy one or more files to another location•

CSCcmd Client-side caching (Offline Files)

CSVDE Import or Export Active Directory data

d

DATE Display or set the date•

DEFRAG Defragment hard drive

DEL Delete one or more files•

DELPROF Delete NT user profiles

DELTREE Delete a folder and all subfolders

DevCon Device Manager Command Line Utility

DIR Display a list of files and folders•

DIRUSE Display disk usage

DISKCOMP Compare the contents of two floppy disks

DISKCOPY Copy the contents of one floppy disk to another

DISKPART Disk Administration

DNSSTAT DNS Statistics

DOSKEY Edit command line, recall commands, and create macros

DSACLs Active Directory ACLs

DSAdd Add items to active directory (user group computer)

DSGet View items in active directory (user group computer)

DSQuery Search for items in active directory (user group computer)

DSMod Modify items in active directory (user group computer)

DSMove Move an Active directory Object

DSRM Remove items from Active Directory

e

ECHO Display message on screen•

ENDLOCAL End localisation of environment changes in a batch file•

ERASE Delete one or more files•

EVENTCREATE Add a message to the Windows event log

EXIT Quit the current script/routine and set an errorlevel•

EXPAND Uncompress files

EXTRACT Uncompress CAB files

f

FC Compare two files

FIND Search for a text string in a file

FINDSTR Search for strings in files

FOR /F Loop command: against a set of files•

FOR /F Loop command: against the results of another command•

FOR Loop command: all options Files, Directory, List•

FORFILES Batch process multiple files

FORMAT Format a disk

FREEDISK Check free disk space (in bytes)

FSUTIL File and Volume utilities

FTP File Transfer Protocol

FTYPE Display or modify file types used in file extension associations•

g

GLOBAL Display membership of global groups

GOTO Direct a batch program to jump to a labelled line•

GPUPDATE Update Group Policy settings

h

HELP Online Help

i

iCACLS Change file and folder permissions

IF Conditionally perform a command•

IFMEMBER Is the current user in an NT Workgroup

IPCONFIG Configure IP

k

KILL Remove a program from memory

l

LABEL Edit a disk label

LOCAL Display membership of local groups

LOGEVENT Write text to the NT event viewer

LOGOFF Log a user off

LOGTIME Log the date and time in a file

m

MAPISEND Send email from the command line

MBSAcli Baseline Security Analyzer.

MEM Display memory usage

MD Create new folders•

MKLINK Create a symbolic link (linkd)

MODE Configure a system device

MORE Display output, one screen at a time

MOUNTVOL Manage a volume mount point

MOVE Move files from one folder to another•

MOVEUSER Move a user from one domain to another

MSG Send a message

MSIEXEC Microsoft Windows Installer

MSINFO Windows NT diagnostics

MSTSC Terminal Server Connection (Remote Desktop Protocol)

MUNGE Find and Replace text within file(s)

MV Copy in-use files

n

NET Manage network resources

NETDOM Domain Manager

NETSH Configure Network Interfaces, Windows Firewall & Remote access

NETSVC Command-line Service Controller

NBTSTAT Display networking statistics (NetBIOS over TCP/IP)

NETSTAT Display networking statistics (TCP/IP)

NOW Display the current Date and Time

NSLOOKUP Name server lookup

NTBACKUP Backup folders to tape

NTRIGHTS Edit user account rights

o

OPENFILES Query or display open files

p

PATH Display or set a search path for executable files•

PATHPING Trace route plus network latency and packet loss

PAUSE Suspend processing of a batch file and display a message•

PERMS Show permissions for a user

PERFMON Performance Monitor

PING Test a network connection

POPD Restore the previous value of the current directory saved by PUSHD•

PORTQRY Display the status of ports and services

POWERCFG Configure power settings

PRINT Print a text file

PRNCNFG Display, configure or rename a printer

PRNMNGR Add, delete, list printers set the default printer

PROMPT Change the command prompt•

PsExec Execute process remotely

PsFile Show files opened remotely

PsGetSid Display the SID of a computer or a user

PsInfo List information about a system

PsKill Kill processes by name or process ID

PsList List detailed information about processes

PsLoggedOn Who's logged on (locally or via resource sharing)

PsLogList Event log records

PsPasswd Change account password

PsService View and control services

PsShutdown Shutdown or reboot a computer

PsSuspend Suspend processes

PUSHD Save and then change the current directory•

q

QGREP Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern.

r

RASDIAL Manage RAS connections

RASPHONE Manage RAS connections

RECOVER Recover a damaged file from a defective disk.

REG Registry: Read, Set, Export, Delete keys and values

REGEDIT Import or export registry settings

REGSVR32 Register or unregister a DLL

REGINI Change Registry Permissions

REM Record comments (remarks) in a batch file•

REN Rename a file or files•

REPLACE Replace or update one file with another

RD Delete folder(s)•

RMTSHARE Share a folder or a printer

ROBOCOPY Robust File and Folder Copy

ROUTE Manipulate network routing tables

RUNAS Execute a program under a different user account

RUNDLL32 Run a DLL command (add/remove print connections)

s

SC Service Control

SCHTASKS Schedule a command to run at a specific time

SCLIST Display NT Services

SET Display, set, or remove environment variables•

SETLOCAL Control the visibility of environment variables•

SETX Set environment variables permanently

SFC System File Checker

SHARE List or edit a file share or print share

SHIFT Shift the position of replaceable parameters in a batch file•

SHORTCUT Create a windows shortcut (.LNK file)

SHOWGRPS List the NT Workgroups a user has joined

SHOWMBRS List the Users who are members of a Workgroup

SHUTDOWN Shutdown the computer

SLEEP Wait for x seconds

SLMGR Software Licensing Management (Vista/2008)

SOON Schedule a command to run in the near future

SORT Sort input

START Start a program or command in a separate window•

SU Switch User

SUBINACL Edit file and folder Permissions, Ownership and Domain

SUBST Associate a path with a drive letter

SYSTEMINFO List system configuration

t

TASKLIST List running applications and services

TASKKILL Remove a running process from memory

TIME Display or set the system time•

TIMEOUT Delay processing of a batch file

TITLE Set the window title for a CMD.EXE session•

TLIST Task list with full path

TOUCH Change file timestamps

TRACERT Trace route to a remote host

TREE Graphical display of folder structure

TYPE Display the contents of a text file•

u

USRSTAT List domain usernames and last login

v

VER Display version information•

VERIFY Verify that files have been saved•

VOL Display a disk label•

w

WHERE Locate and display files in a directory tree

WHOAMI Output the current UserName and domain

WINDIFF Compare the contents of two files or sets of files

WINMSD Windows system diagnostics

WINMSDP Windows system diagnostics II

WMIC WMI Commands

x

XCACLS Change file and folder permissions

XCOPY Copy files and folders

:: Comment / Remark•

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Wireless vehicle sensor Network

          The main aim of this project is to design a wireless sensor network for vehicle to calculate the vehicle emissions using sensors.The purpose of the project is to calculate the quantity of CO₂ released from the vehicle and to transmit this data to the near by R.T.A using zigbee and GPS technologies.

           The project consists of two parts one is transmitter section and other is receiver section. From the transmitter section the quantity of gas released will be measured and given to the ADC as input. ADC will convert this analogical data into digital format and forwards to the controller. Microcontroller compares this data with predefined data; if it exceeds the threshold then zigbee transceiver is activated. From the GPS current location of vehicle is given to the controller. Zigbee transceivers will transmits this data to the receiver part which is located in the R.T.A office. If incase the smoke intensity is more than the limit, the buzzer which is attached to the vehicle will buzz for three times, that intimates to the driver that smoke intensity is high, please reduce it. Still it is not reduced the vehicle will stop automatically.

GPS (Global Positioning System) technology is used to find the location of any object or vehicle to monitor continuously using satellite signals. Three satellite signals are necessary to locate the receiver in 3D space and fourth satellite is used for time accuracy. GPS will give the information of parameters like longitude, latitude and attitude.  With the help of these parameters one can easily locate the position of any object. In this GPS technology, the communication takes place between GPS transceiver and GPS satellite. 

           Zigbee is new wireless technology guided by IEEE 802.15.4 Personal Area Network standard. It is primarily designed for the wide ranging controlling applications and to replace the existing non-standard technologies. It currently operates in 868MHz band at a data rate of 20Kbps in Europe, 914MHz band at 40kbps in USA, and the 2.4GHz ISM bands Worldwide at a maximum data-rate of 250kbps.

Full Project Download:

Wireless_Vehicle_Sensor_Network

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Solar Tracking

             The main aim of this project is to generate the maximum power from solar panel by continuously tracking the sun rays.

The purpose of the project is to implement a system to continuously track the sun rays with the help of the solar panel and grasping the maximum power from the sun by rotating the solar panel according to the sun rays direction with respect to time.

In present situation everyone is facing the problem with power cuts which is creating very much trouble to the people. So, to solve this problem we have a solution that is sun. Yes by using sun radiation we can get power i.e., the solar energy using which we generate the power. All we are know that there are so many renewable energy sources like solar, wind, geothermal etc. but solar energy system is very simple and easy to implement. But the main drawback of the solar system is it is very poor efficient system. By using this project we are going to improve the efficiency of solar system.

In which solar panel will turn according to the sun rotation with predefined angle. So by using DC motor we are going to turn the panel according to the time. Whenever the radiation of the sun falls on the solar panel it grasps the radiation and stores in it and it will send the message to the controller about its power which is stored in it. Microcontroller will receive this information and display on LCD. As the time passes the panel rotates with the help of motor. Here RTC (Real Time Clock) is used to give the exact time intervals to the controller.

Solar Panels are a form of active solar power, a term that describes how solar panels make use of the sun's energy: solar panels harvest sunlight and actively convert it to electricity. Solar Cells, or photovoltaic cells, are arranged in a grid-like pattern on the surface of the solar panel. Solar panels are typically constructed with crystalline silicon, which is used in other industries (such as the microprocessor industry), and the more expensive gallium arsenide, which is produced exclusively for use in photovoltaic (solar) cells.

Download Whole Document Here:

Solar Tracking

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Ethernet based security system using Wiznet W5100

The need for Security systems have rapidly grown from being specialized for high-risk areas to be available and demanded rapidly by the average public. In the last ten years, small businesses have rapidly grown and expanded and the need of reliable, cheap and effective security system is becoming a must, not only for the business owners, but also at homes. One of the offered way of security systems offer the SMS notification service, nice but not that reliable. SMS center could have a congestion at the time the thief was sleeping in your company (or home) borders. Well another method of creating a security system and which would be very effective is to use the Internet or Ethernet Notification system. It is reliable, when using TCP, and effective where most internet services are always on demand and it is very rare, and very unlikely to have a sudden failure.

Unfortunately, this could be a little pricy since most embedded Ethernet devices cost a large amount of money and they are usually hard to deal with. That's why I was so interested and a little bit surprised with wiznet offering of the W5100 Hardwired TCP/IP Ethernet chip. I was so amazed of its various features especially the support for TCP and UDP protocols essential for an Ethernet based security system.

You can actually build a security system over the internet using an Ethernet device that would cost you about the same as any microcontroller. Simply amazing!

Unfortunately the document was lost in the net. So v r trying to upload it to a ftp server within two days... If any one in hurry mail us with ur id and v'll send u an softcopy of this project

Contact us at papers4all@gmail.com

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Power over Ethernet in IP based security applications

Power over Ethernet (PoE) is a revolutionary technology that integrates data, voice and power over
standard LAN infrastructure. It is the means to supply reliable, uninterrupted power to Internet Protocol (IP)
telephones, wireless LAN access points, network cameras and other Ethernet devices, using existing,
commonly used Category 3 (4 pairs) and Category 5 cable infrastructure.
Power over Ethernet technology saves time and cost of installing separate power cabling, AC outlets and
wall warts, as well as eliminates the need for a dedicated UPS for individual devices.
The power delivered over the Ethernet infrastructure is automatically activated when a compatible terminal
is identified, and blocked to legacy devices that are not compatible. This feature allows users to freely and
safely mix legacy and PoE-compatible devices, on their network.
The PoE technology is to be designed in a way that does not degrade the network data communication
performance or decrease the network reach.

Link
Power over Ethernet in IP based security applications

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Open source technology

Dear friends, Open source technology really a evergreen healthy one. Considering its benefits and many other things we would like to let u all to know it.. so here is an abstract about... Feel free feed us through feedback and comments....

Introduction

Open source describes practices in production and development that promote access to the end product's source materials. Some consider open source a philosophy, others consider it a pragmatic methodology. Before the term open source became widely adopted, developers and producers used a variety of phrases to describe the concept; open source gained hold with the rise of the Internet, and the attendant need for massive retooling of the computing source code. Opening the source code enabled a self-enhancing diversity of production models, communication paths, and interactive communities. Subsequently, a new, three-word phrase "open source software" was born to describe the environment that the new copyright, licensing, domain, and consumer issues created.

The open source model includes the concept of concurrent yet different agendas and differing approaches in production, in contrast with more centralized models of development such as those typically used in commercial software companies. A main principle and practice of open source software development is peer production by bartering and collaboration, with the end-product, source-material, "blueprints" and documentation available at no cost to the public. This is increasingly being applied in other fields of endeavor, such as biotechnology.

Society and culture

Open source culture is the creative practice of appropriation and free sharing of found and created content. Examples include collage, found footage film, music, and appropriation art. Open source culture is one in which fixations, works entitled to copyright protection, are made generally available. Participants in the culture can modify those products and redistribute them back into the community or other organizations.

The rise of open-source culture in the 20th century resulted from a growing tension between creative practices that involve appropriation, and therefore require access to content that is often copyrighted, and increasingly restrictive intellectual property laws and policies governing access to copyrighted content. The two main ways in which intellectual property laws became more restrictive in the 20th century were extensions to the term of copyright (particularly in the United States) and penalties, such as those articulated in the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), placed on attempts to circumvent anti-piracy technologies.^[33]

Although artistic appropriation is often permitted under fair use doctrines, the complexity and ambiguity of these doctrines creates an atmosphere of uncertainty among cultural practitioners. Also, the protective actions of copyright owners create what some call a "chilling effect" among cultural practitioners.^[34]

In the late 20th century, cultural practitioners began to adopt the intellectual property licensing techniques of free software and open-source software to make their work more freely available to others, including the Creative Commons.

The idea of an "open source" culture runs parallel to "Free Culture," but is substantively different. Free culture is a term derived from the free software movement, and in contrast to that vision of culture, proponents of Open Source Culture (OSC) maintain that some intellectual property law needs to exist to protect cultural producers. Yet they propose a more nuanced position than corporations have traditionally sought. Instead of seeing intellectual property law as an expression of instrumental rules intended to uphold either natural rights or desirable outcomes, an argument for OSC takes into account diverse goods (as in "the Good life") and ends.

One way of achieving the goal of making the fixations of cultural work generally available is to maximally utilize technology and digital media. In keeping with Moore's law's prediction about processors, the cost of digital media and storage plummeted in the late 20th Century. Consequently, the marginal cost of digitally duplicating anything capable of being transmitted via digital media dropped to near zero. Combined with an explosive growth in personal computer and technology ownership, the result is an increase in general population's access to digital media. This phenomenon facilitated growth in open source culture because it allowed for rapid and inexpensive duplication and distribution of culture. Where the access to the majority of culture produced prior to the advent of digital media was limited by other constraints of proprietary and potentially "open" mediums, digital media is the latest technology with the potential to increase access to cultural products. Artists and users who choose to distribute their work digitally face none of the physical limitations that traditional cultural producers have been typically faced with. Accordingly, the audience of an open source culture faces little physical cost in acquiring digital media.

Open source culture precedes Richard Stallman's codification of the concept with the creation of the Free Software Foundation. As the public began to communicate through Bulletin Board Systems (BBS) like FidoNet, places like Sourcery Systems BBS were dedicated to providing source code to Public Domain, Shareware and Freeware programs.

Essentially born out of a desire for increased general access to digital media, the Internet is open source culture's most valuable asset. It is questionable whether the goals of an open source culture could be achieved without the Internet. The global network not only fosters an environment where culture can be generally accessible, but also allows for easy and inexpensive redistribution of culture back into various communities. Some reasons for this are as follows.

First, the Internet allows even greater access to inexpensive digital media and storage. Instead of users being limited to their own facilities and resources, they are granted access to a vast network of facilities and resources, some free. Sites such as Archive.org offer up free web space for anyone willing to license their work under a Creative Commons license. The resulting cultural product is then available to download free (generally accessible) to anyone with an Internet connection.

Second, users are granted unprecedented access to each other. Older analog technologies such as the telephone or television have limitations on the kind of interaction users can have. In the case of television there is little, if any interaction between users participating on the network. And in the case of the telephone, users rarely interact with any more than a couple of their known peers. On the Internet, however, users have the potential to access and meet millions of their peers. This aspect of the Internet facilitates the modification of culture as users are able to collaborate and communicate with each other across international and cultural boundaries. The speed in which digital media travels on the Internet in turn facilitates the redistribution of culture.

Through various technologies such as peer-to-peer networks and blogs, cultural producers can take advantage of vast social networks in order to distribute their products. As opposed to traditional media distribution, redistributing digital media on the Internet can be virtually costless. Technologies such as BitTorrent and Gnutella take advantage of various characteristics of the Internet protocol (TCP/IP) in an attempt to totally decentralize file distribution.

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Agricluture Robot

     The aim of this project is to design  an Agriculture Robot ,i.e. is highly qualified in work as poughing ,seeding and watering which can do all the three things one by one at a time. This reduces man power and saves time.

      A robot is a mechanical or virtual artificial agent. In practice, it is usually an electro-mechanical system which, by its appearance or movements, conveys a sense that it has intent or agency of its own. The word robot can refer to both physical robots and virtual software agents, but the latter are usually referred to as Robots.  There is no consensus on which machines qualify as robots, but there is general agreement among experts and the public that robots tend to do some or all of the following: move around, operate a mechanical arm, sense and manipulate their environment, and exhibit intelligent behavior, especially behavior which mimics humans or animals.

              In this project we are controlling the movement of the robot by remote. So that we can move the robot to our desired direction i.e. is right, left, straight and back and also we can perform various operations like pick and place objects from one to another place.  We are placing the Zig-Bee transceiver at source. The signals from the remote are catches by the corresponding receiver and it sends signals to the robot.  Through the controlling unit (µc) operations of the robot are controlled.

              In this project the controlling unit is controlled by the microcontroller. The Intel 8051 is Harvard architecture, single chip microcontroller (µC) which was developed by Intel in 1980 for use in embedded systems. Intel's original versions were popular in the 1980s and early 1990s, but has today largely been superseded by a vast range of faster and/or functionally enhanced 8051-compatible devices manufactured by more than 20 independent manufacturers including Atmel, Infineon Technologies (formerly Siemens AG), Maxim Integrated Products (via its DallasSemiconductor subsidiary), NXP(formerly Philips Semiconductor), Nuvoton (formerly Win bond), ST Microelectronics, Silicon Laboratories (formerly Cygnal), Texas Instruments and Cypress Semiconductor. Intel's official designation for the 8051 family of µCs is MCS 51.

Download Whole Document Here:

Argicluture Robot

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Stair Climbing Robot

The aim of this project is to design a Step Climbing Robot This project presents an innovative off-road wheeled mobile robot, able to deal autonomously with obstacles in rough terrain without getting stuck. To achieve such a performance, the robot is equipped with tilt sensors and tactile wheels.

          The function of a mobile robot is to move from place to place autonomously, i.e. without   human intervention. Building mobile robots able to deal autonomously with obstacles in rough terrain is a very complex task because the nature of the terrain isn’t known in advance and may change in time. The role of the path planner is to determine a trajectory in order to reach the destination while avoiding obstacles and without getting stuck. A true autonomous mobile off-road robot has to be able to evaluate its own ability to cross over the obstacles.          

             A robot is a mechanical or virtual artificial agent. In practice, it is usually an electro-mechanical system which, by its appearance or movements, conveys a sense that it has intent or agency of its own. The word robot can refer to both physical robots and virtual software agents, but the latter are usually referred to as Robots. There is no consensus on which machines qualify as robots, but there is general agreement among experts and the public that robots tend to do some or all of the following: move around, operate a mechanical arm, sense and manipulate their environment, and exhibit intelligent behavior, especially behavior which mimics humans or animals.

Download whole Document Here:

Stair Climbing Robot

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Voice over Internet Protocol(VoIP)

Voice over IP (VoIP) is a general term for a family of transmission technologies for delivery of voice communications over IP networks such as the Internet or other packet-switched networks. Other terms frequently encountered and synonymous with VoIP are IP telephony, Internet telephony, voice over broadband (VoBB), broadband telephony, and broadband phone.
Internet telephony refers to communications services — voice, facsimile, and/or voice-messaging applications — that are transported via the Internet, rather than the public switched telephone network (PSTN). The basic steps involved in originating an Internet telephone call are conversion of the analog voice signal to digital format and compression/translation of the signal into Internet protocol (IP) packets for transmission over the Internet; the process is reversed at the receiving end.
VoIP systems employ session control protocols to control the set-up and tear-down of calls as well as audio codecs which encode speech allowing transmission over an IP network as digital audio via an audio stream. Codec use is varied between different implementations of VoIP (and often a range of codecs are used); some implementations rely on narrowband and compressed speech, while others support high fidelity stereo codecs.
For more info :
Voice Over IPv6 Architectures

VoIP Presentation

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Robot Direction control using MEMs

            The aim of this project is to implement the robot direction control with MEMs through zig-bee communication and display the image of the robot instantaneously.

             In this project we are controlling the direction of the robot by MEM’s accelerometer. This accelerometer is placed at the human hand senses the movement of our hand either it is left or right or up or down or these signals should send to the robot through zig-bee communication. Zig-bee transceivers are placed at the input section and the output section i.e., at our hand and at the robot. The microcontroller communicates with the transceiver placed at our hand and send signals to the corresponding transceiver placed at the robot. In this way we are controlling the robot direction.

           The image of the robot is displayed in the PC.For that a wireless webcam is attached to the robot. Whenever’s the direction of the robot is changing the image is captured in webcam and it is displayed in pc .

            Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) are free scale’s enabling technology for acceleration and pressure sensors. MEMS based sensor products provide an interface that can sense, process or control the surrounding environment. MEMS-based sensors are a class of devices that builds very small electrical and mechanical components on a single chip.  MEMS-based sensors are a crucial component in automotive electronics, medical equipment, hard disk drives, computer peripherals, wireless devices and smart portable electronics such as cell phones and PDAs.

              MEMS technology provides the following advantages: cost-efficiency, low power, miniaturization, high performance, and integration. Functionality can be integrated on the same silicon or in the same package, which reduces the component count. This contributes to overall cost savings.

Zigbee is new wireless technology guided by IEEE 802.15.4 Personal Area Network standard. It is primarily designed for the wide range controlling applications and to replace the existing non-standard technologies. It currently operates in 868 MHz band at a data rate of 20Kbps in Europe, 914MHz band at 40kbps in USA, and the 2.4GHz ISM bands Worldwide at a maximum data-rate of 250kbps. It is used to verify whether user’s truncation is possible or not. One of the main advantages of this ZIGBEE communication is that it provides a noise free communication, the amount of noise added in this type of communication is very Pless compared to the other wireless communications.

 Download whole document here:

Robot Direction control using MEMS

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Embedded projects (Car Parking System)

             The main aim of this project is to implement the automatic Parking of vehicles(car) floor after floor and thus reducing the space used.

              The main purpose is Automatic Car Parking enables the parking of vehicles-floor after floor and thus reducing the space used. Here any number of cars can be park according to requirement. This makes the system modernized and evens a space-saving one.

DESCRIPTION:

 

 In this project we have provided three floors of a building for car parking. Storage capacity can be changed according to the requirement. There is facility of lift to carry the car to up and down. Movement of Lift and rotation of disk is controlled by geared motor.

              When car enters building, RF reader will detect RFID card and it opens gate and allowed inside and when the car enters the lift, the LDR detects its presence and sends a signal to motor which makes the motor to rotate the disk to allot space for parking. The lift will take the person and the car up to the floor where the space for parking is available. When the lift reaches the first floor, the processor compares the filled amount to that of the already fed capacity of that floor, and if it finds that the first floor is fully filled, it goes to the second floor and then to third floor and these is how car is parked in floor based on availability.

Download whole Document Here:

Car Praking System

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Wireless Server & client data communication System

In this project, we used the interface zigbee and pc.Here data is transverse between PC to PC.That is nothing but a data transverse between server to client or vice versa. Here server sends the data to microcontroller, through MCU it will give to zigbee. In this zigbee is used as transceiver .zigbee transmits the data to client side or receiver end. At receiving end it receives the data via zigbee.Similary, client can also sends.  

ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high level communication protocols using small, low-power digital radios based on the IEEE 802.15.4-2003 standard for wireless personal area networks (WPANs), such as wireless headphones connecting with cell phones via short-range radio. The technology defined by the ZigBee specification is intended to be simpler and less expensive than other WPANs, such as Bluetooth. ZigBee is targeted at radio-frequency (RF) applications that require a low data rate, long battery life, and secure networking. ZigBee is a low-cost, low-power, wireless mesh networking proprietary standard. The low cost allows the technology to be widely deployed in wireless control and monitoring applications, the low power-usage allows longer life with smaller batteries, and the mesh networking provides high reliability and larger range.


Download whole document Here:
wirelessClientServer

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Student attendance details through SMS

 The  purpose  of  the  project  is  whenever student  wants  to  know his  attendance  details  or  marks  obtained,  he need  to  send  an  SMS  to  the number  which  is  present  in  the  GSM  Modem.

      The  goal  of  our  project  is  to  send  the  student  status   to students in  the  form  of  SMS. In  this  project,  we  have stored  the   student reports  with  his  mobile  number  in  the  PC. Whenever  student  wants  to  know his  attendance  details  or  marks  obtained,  he  need  to  send  an   SMS  to  the number  which  is  present  in  the  GSM Modem. When  it  receives  the  SMS, the  microcontroller  controls  the  scanning  action  in  the  PC  and  sends  his semester  or  monthly  report  to  his  mobile  through  GSM  Modem.  The corresponding status will   be displayed on the PC.

      Every system is automated in order to face new challenges in the present day situations. Automated systems have less manual operations, so that the flexibility, reliabilities are high and accurate. Hence every field prefers automated control systems. Especially in the field of electronics automated systems are doing better performance.                            

      Probably the most useful thing to know about the global system for mobile communication is that it is an international standard. If you travel in parts of world, GSM is only type of cellular service available. Instead of analog services, GSM was developed as a digital system using TDMA technology.

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Studence Attendance Details

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